The First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Had Negative Health & Mental Health Effects on Group Home Workers

BOSTON — Group homes are therapeutic environments that are critical to the care of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and/or intellectual or developmental disabilities.

Massachusetts experienced a sudden and dramatic emergence of COVID in the spring of 2020, as of August 2022, there had been nearly 7,000 deaths and nearly 43,000 cases of COVID-10 reported among residents of congregate care settings

Profoundly transformed daily activities for those who lived and worked in those organizations by disrupting routines, forcing vulnerable individuals to quarantine, halting community work and recreation activities that are key to therapeutic programming, and isolated residents from their friends and family.

In the study published in JAMA Health Forum, a team led by investigators from the Mongan Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a founding member of Mass General Brigham (MGB), surveyed approximately 1,470 health care workers conducted one year into the pandemic, a majority reported “very serious” or “somewhat serious” effects in many aspects of their lives, including work, health, family, sleep and other factors:

• More than 50% reported very serious effects on work or employment and on contact with family and friends
• Nearly 2/3rds respondents reported very serious or somewhat serious effects on access to health services
• Approximately 1/4th of respondents reported needing support for health and wellness, 15% needing support for mental health, and almost 20% for loneliness and isolation

When adjusting for race/ethnicity, the team found that Hispanic respondents expressed a higher need for support in health and wellness, mental health and physical health compared to White and Black respondents.

“The present findings documenting the negative outcomes of the pandemic on front-line workers, coupled with high rates of staff turnover and shortages, has implications for a likely diminished capacity to address the complex needs of this highly vulnerable population,” the study team writes.

“In Massachusetts, as in the rest of the United States, workers in group homes come from very diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. Many of these workers suffered their own health care challenges in the pandemic,” says lead author Karen Donelan, ScD, EdM, a senior scientist at the Health Policy Research Center of the Mongan Institute at MGH and now also the Stuart H. Altman Professor of US Health Policy at Brandeis University.

“Protecting the health of workers and those they support should be a public health priority. A future study will test new strategies to improve the well-being of group home staff.”

Co-authors across Massachusetts General Hospital include Stephen Bartels and Brian Skotko (Study Co-Principal Investigators), Julie Levison, David Cheng, Anna Wilson, and David Krane.

The study team, led by Stephen Bartels, MD, MS and Brian Skotko,MD, MPP, designed and tested interventions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in group homes. Results are pending publication.

This work was supported by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) (award number COVID-2020C2-10803). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this presentation. The statements in this press release are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its Board of Governors or Methodology Committee.

About the Massachusetts General Hospital

Massachusetts General Hospital, founded in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The Mass General Research Institute conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the nation, with annual research operations of more than $1 billion and comprises more than 9,500 researchers working across more than 30 institutes, centers and departments. In July 2022, Mass General was named #8 in the U.S. News & World Report list of "America’s Best Hospitals." MGH is a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system.