Explore This Laboratory

    Mission Statement

    Drs. Ai and LerouLed by Drs. Ai and Lerou, Newborn Developmental Biology Laboratory uses tracheal aspirate-derived lung progenitor cells and animal models to study mechanisms of prematurity and lung diseases in young children.

    Dr. Paul Lerou is Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. Dr. Lerou's research is focused on using stem cells to better understand how genetic disorders and prematurity affect a child's development over the course of his or her lifetime and to ultimately develop new treatment strategies.

    Dr. Ai is Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Director of Basic Research at the Neonatology Division, and co-Director of Lung Biology & Immunology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Ai’s research is focused on how the disruption of lung development negatively impacts on lung function and the susceptibility to respiratory diseases in children. Dr. Ai is a standing member on a NHLBI study session and Review Editor for Frontiers in Pharmacology and Frontiers in Allergy.

    Project Summary

    prematurity and infectionProject I: Prematurity and infection

    Premature birth is a major risk factor for infection in infants and long-term functional defects in the lung. However, how premature birth affects the composition and function of human airway epithelium remains elusive. To address this critical question, we have established a robust methodology of epithelial basal stem cell derivation from tracheal aspirate samples collected from intubated preterm and term newborns. This project aims to identify molecular pathways that are associated with preterm birth and affects basal stem cell differentiation and the barrier function of differentiated airway epithelial cells. A clinically relevant disease model is infection of preterm airway epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus.  

    lung cellsProject II: Molecular phenotypes of human airway epithelial cells with age

    The age of a patient has a significant impact on epithelial regeneration and clinical outcomes following injury and infection. This project leverages our ability to derive airway basal stem cells from intubated patients of all age groups to study how age affects proliferation and differentiation of airway basal stem cells in humans.

    lung defectProject III: Lung defects in Congenital Diaphragmic Hernia

    The lung defect associated with congenital diaphragmic hernia (CDH) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with CDH. However, since the lung tissue in CDH infants is not accessible, mechanisms underlying the lung defect in CDH remain an unresolved issue. This project proposes to elucidate such mechanisms using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and epithelial basal stem cells (BSCs) from patient-specific tracheal aspirate (TA) samples. Our goal is to elucidate pathogenic changes in patient-specific cell models to study disease pathophysiology and to identify novel therapeutics.  

    asthmaProject IV: Nerve and childhood asthma

    Allergic asthma often initiates from allergen exposure in early childhood and progresses into adulthood. As the lung continues to develop after birth, this project investigates age-related communication between the immature lung environment and the immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. So far, our findings have pinpointed a novel role of developing sympathetic nerves in augmenting allergic inflammation in early childhood and fostering disease progression into adulthood. We also show that immune cells, such as mast cells, can also modulate airway innervation during postnatal development, which induces a hypercontractile phenotype of airway smooth muscle cells. By understanding the age-related mechanism underlying the development of allergic asthma in early childhood, our goal is to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of childhood asthma and the modification of disease progression in adulthood.

    sidsProject V: Pulmonary neuroendocrine system in SIDS

    Infants who have died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) show hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. This project investigates the contribution of the pulmonary neuroendocrine system to the pathogenesis of SIDS. Since pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are innervated, we focus on neural regulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine secretion and the role of bioactive neuropeptides and amines secreted from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in lung pathophysiology. 

    News and Events

    Our manuscript, “Activation of STAT3-mediated ciliated cell survival protects against severe infection by respiratory syncytial virus”, has been accepted by Journal of Clinical Investigation. Congrats to Dr. Caiqi Zhao!

    Our manuscript, “YAP Deficiency Drives NF-kB Hyperactivation to Disrupt Airway Epithelium Differentiation in CDH”, has been accepted by American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Congrats to Dr. Ophelia Aubert!

    Meet The Team

    Dr. Yan Bai (MD)
    K08 awardee, Instructor of Medicine
    Research Interest: airway and vascular smooth muscle biology
    yan.bai@va.gov
    Ophelia Auburt, MDDr. Ophelia Aubert (MD)
    Visiting Medical Fellow, Pediatric Surgery, Leipzig University
    Research Interest: airway epithelial stem cells and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
    oaubert@mgh.harvard.edu
    Alice Taliento, PhDDr. Alice Taliento (PhD)
    Research Fellow: Immunology and asthma
    ataliento@mgh.harvard.edu

    Dr. Caiqi Zhao (PhD)
    Research Fellow
    Research Interest: airway infection and epithelial biology
    czhao@mgh.harvard.edu

    Angelique PetersonMs. Angelique Peterson (BS)
    Research Assistant
    Research Interest: neural regulation of the immune response
    angelique_peterson@mgh.harvard.edu

    Ms. Elise Belkin
    Clinical Research Coordinator
    Research Interest: congenital disease and neonatal infection
    ebelkin@mgh.harvard.edu

    Alumni

    Dr. Jessica Shui (MD)
    Instructor of Pediatrics, Neonatology
    Research interest: prematurity and respiratory viral infection
    jshui@mgh.harvard.edu

    Dr. Wei Wang (PhD)
    Senior Research Fellow
    Research interest: immunology and childhood asthma
    wwang@mgh.harvard.edu

    Dr. Kamakshi Bankoti (PhD)
    Research Fellow
    Research interest: tissue engineering and lung development
    kbankoti@mgh.harvard.edu

    Dr. Richard Wagner (MD)
    Visiting Medical Fellow, Pediatric Surgery, Leipzig University
    Research interest: stem cell biology and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
    Richard.Wagner@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

    Gaurang Amonkar (BS)
    Research Assistant II
    Research Interest: airway epithelial and mesenchymal progenitors
    gamonkar@mgh.harvard.edu

    Selected Recent Publications

    Bankoti K, Wang W, Amonkar GM, Xiong L, Shui JE, Zhao C, Van E, Mwase C, Park JA, Mou H, Fang Y, Que J, Bai Y, Lerou PH, Ai X. Airway Basal Stem Cells in COVID-19 Exhibit a Proinflammatory Signature and Impaired Mucocililary Differentiation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 12. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0104OC.  

    Wang W, Garcia C, Shao F, Cohen JA, Bai Y, Fine A, Ai X. Lung dopaminergic nerves facilitate the establishment of T helper 2 resident memory cells in early life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Aug;152(2):386-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.011. 

    Bai Y, Li G, Yung L, Yu PB, Ai X. Intrapulmonary arterial contraction assay reveals region-specific deregulation of vasoreactivity to lung injuries. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2023 Aug 1;325(2):L114-L124. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00293.2022.  

    Wagner R, Amonkar GM, Wang W, Shui JE, Bankoti K, Tse WH, High FA, Zalieckas JM, Buchmiller TL, Zani A, Keijzer R, Donahoe PK, Lerou PH, Ai X. A Tracheal Aspirate-Derived Airway Basal Cell Model Reveals a Proinflammatory Epithelial Defect in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 May 1; 207(9):1214-1226. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0953OC. 

    Bai Y, Guedes A, Krishnan R, Ai X. CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 May;149(5):1643-1654.e8. 

    Mou H, Yang Y, Riehs MA, Barrios J, Shivaraju M, Haber AL, Montoro DT, Gilmore K, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Rajagopal J, Vargas SO, Haynes RL, Fine A, Cardoso WV, Ai X. Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs. Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 20;35(3):109011. PubMed PMID: 33882306. 

    Lu J, Zhu X, Shui JE, Xiong L, Gierahn T, Zhang C, Wood M, Hally S, Love JC, Li H, Crawford BC, Mou H, Lerou PH. Rho/SMAD/mTOR triple inhibition enables long-term expansion of human neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived airway basal cell-like cells. Pediatr Res. 2021 Feb;89(3):502-509. PMID: 32365352. 

    Sarathy L, Cirillo C, Dehn C, Lerou PH, Prendergast M. Improving Timeliness of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose Administration. Hosp Pediatr. 2021 May;11(5):446-453. PMID: 33879503. 

    Li G, Cohen JA, Martines C, Ram-Mohan S, Brain JD, Krishnan R, Ai X, Bai Y.  Preserving Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in Precision-Cut Lung Slices. Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 15;10(1):6480. PubMed PMID: 32296115. 

    Shook LL, Shui JE, Boatin AA, Devane S, Croul N, Yonker LM, Matute JD, Lima RS, Schwinn M, Cvrk D, Gardner L, Azevedo R, Stanton S, Bordt EA, Yockey LJ, Fasano A, Li JZ, Yu XG, Kaimal AJ, Lerou PH, Edlow AG. Rapid establishment of a COVID-19 perinatal biorepository: early lessons from the first 100 women enrolled. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Aug 26;20(1):215. PMID: 32842979. 

    Wang W, Cohen JA, Wallrapp A, Trieu KG, Barrios J, Shao F, Krishnamoorthy N, Kuchroo VK, Jones MR, Fine A, Bai Y, Ai X.  Age-Related Dopaminergic Innervation Augments T Helper 2-Type Allergic Inflammation in the Postnatal Lung. Immunity. 2019 Dec 17;51(6):1102-1118.e7. PubMed PMID: 31757673. 

    Spadafora R, Lu J, Khetani RS, Zhang C, Iberg A, Li H, Shi Y, Lerou PH. Lung-Resident Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reveal Transcriptional Dynamics of Lung Development in Preterm Infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Oct 1;198(7):961-964. PMID: 29757681. 

    Lu J, Baccei A, Lummertz da Rocha E, Guillermier C, McManus S, Finney LA, Zhang C, Steinhauser ML, Li H, Lerou PH. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals metallothionein heterogeneity during hESC differentiation to definitive endoderm. Stem Cell Res. 2018 Apr;28:48-55. PMID: 29427839. 

    Job Opportunities

    Graduate Students, PhD and MD Fellows

    Please contact Dr. Ai (xai@mgh.harvard.edu) and Dr. Lerou (plerou@mgh.harvard.edu) if you would like to discuss opportunities available in the lab.