What Is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all lung cancer cases. The pace of growth for this disease is highly variable, but in general, it tends to grow at a slower rate than SCLC. However, like SCLC, it can spread to other parts of the body. Non-small cell lung cancer is more prevalent in people who have smoked, but other factors can cause the disease to develop.

Types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer. Each has distinct characteristics and growth patterns.

• Adenocarcinoma: The disease accounts for about 40% of all non-small cell lung cancers and affects both people who have smoked and those who have not smoked. It typically starts in the outer part of the lungs in mucus-producing cells lining the lungs’ small air sacs.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type of non-small cell lung cancer is slightly less common than adenocarcinoma and is strongly linked to smoking. Squamous cell carcinoma grows in the central part of the lungs and may form a mass that blocks the airways.
• Large Cell Carcinoma: The rarest form of non-small cell lung cancer is named for its large, abnormal-looking cells that can form anywhere in the lungs.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Symptoms

Because non-small cell lung cancer can spread to other parts of the body, early diagnosis may help prevent or slow its progression. Common NSCLC symptoms include:

• Persistent cough that lingers or worsens over time
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up mucus, phlegm, or blood
• Chest pain
• Fatigue and muscle weakness
• Loss of appetite or unintentional weight loss
• Hoarseness or wheezing

Other non-small cell lung cancer signs and symptoms to watch for include recurring respiratory infections, bone pain, and headaches. If you experience any of these symptoms, particularly if you have smoked, see your health care provider for an evaluation and testing.

What Causes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Although smoking is responsible for most non-small cell lung cancer cases, there are other causes of NSCLC. You may be at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer if you regularly inhale secondhand smoke or are exposed to workplace carcinogens or toxins like asbestos or radiation.

How Quickly Does Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progress?

The rate at which NSCLC progresses varies from person to person. Some tumors grow slowly, while others spread rapidly. The type of cancer and how early it gets diagnosed can factor into its progression. Your overall health, age, and immune system can also impact the rate at which the cancer develops.

Risk Prevention for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Taking preventive measures can help lower the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer. To reduce your chances of getting NSCLC, follow these preemptive steps:

Quit Smoking

If you are someone who has smoked cigarettes or used other tobacco products, the most effective way to decrease your risk of getting non-small cell lung cancer is to quit smoking. Smoking is the leading cause of NSCLC. Even if you are someone who has smoked for a long time, immediately quitting can lower the risk of developing lung cancer.

Avoid Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase your risk of lung cancer by 20% to 30%. Steer clear of secondhand smoke, particularly indoors or in confined spaces, to lower your risk of developing lung and other health problems.

Limit Exposure to Environmental Hazards

It’s essential to avoid harmful toxins and carcinogens such as asbestos, diesel exhaust, and radiation. If you work in a high-risk environment, take precautions when handling and disposing of dangerous chemicals.

Make Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Eating a well-balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight are all ways to reduce your chance of developing various health problems and diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer.

Get Screened Regularly

If you’re at risk of developing lung cancer due to lifestyle, workplace, or hereditary factors, your health care provider may recommend participating in cancer screening programs or clinical trials. You’ll also learn prevention strategies and early detection methods.

Learn more about lung cancer screening and eligibility.

What Is the Prognosis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer diagnoses can vary from person to person. Your oncologist will be able to answer any questions about your prognosis.

How Curable Is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Each non-small cell lung cancer case is different. Mass General Cancer Center is home to a multidisciplinary lung cancer treatment team that specializes in every type of NSCLC at every stage. Speak with one of our oncologists to learn more.